存储-磁盘-分区-文件系统
磁盘--disklabel(分区表)--分区--文件系统--挂载，就可以用了
分区表类型 LABEL-TYPE is one of: aix, amiga, bsd, dvh, gpt, mac, msdos, sun, loop
分区类型 PART-TYPE is one of: primary, logical, extended文件系统类型 FS-TYPE is one of: ext3, ext2, fat32, fat16, hfsx, hfs+, hfs, jfs, linux-swap, ntfs分区标志 FLAG is one of: boot, root, swap, hidden, raid, lvm, lba, hp-service, palo, prep, msftres, atvrecv
gdisk的partition typesCommand (? for help): l0700 Microsoft basic data 0c01 Microsoft reserved 2700 Windows RE3000 ONIE boot 3001 ONIE config 4100 PowerPC PReP boot4200 Windows LDM data 4201 Windows LDM metadata 7501 IBM GPFS7f00 ChromeOS kernel 7f01 ChromeOS root 7f02 ChromeOS reserved8200 Linux swap 8300 Linux filesystem 8301 Linux reserved8302 Linux /home 8400 Intel Rapid Start 8e00 Linux LVMa500 FreeBSD disklabel a501 FreeBSD boot a502 FreeBSD swapa503 FreeBSD UFS a504 FreeBSD ZFS a505 FreeBSD Vinum/RAIDa580 Midnight BSD data a581 Midnight BSD boot a582 Midnight BSD swapa583 Midnight BSD UFS a584 Midnight BSD ZFS a585 Midnight BSD Vinuma800 Apple UFS a901 NetBSD swap a902 NetBSD FFSa903 NetBSD LFS a904 NetBSD concatenated a905 NetBSD encrypteda906 NetBSD RAID ab00 Apple boot af00 Apple HFS/HFS+af01 Apple RAID af02 Apple RAID offline af03 Apple labelaf04 AppleTV recovery af05 Apple Core Storage be00 Solaris bootbf00 Solaris root bf01 Solaris /usr & Mac Z bf02 Solaris swapbf03 Solaris backup bf04 Solaris /var bf05 Solaris /homebf06 Solaris alternate se bf07 Solaris Reserved 1 bf08 Solaris Reserved 2bf09 Solaris Reserved 3 bf0a Solaris Reserved 4 bf0b Solaris Reserved 5c001 HP-UX data c002 HP-UX service ea00 Freedesktop $BOOTeb00 Haiku BFS ed00 Sony system partitio ed01 Lenovo system partitef00 EFI System ef01 MBR partition scheme ef02 BIOS boot partitionfb00 VMWare VMFS fb01 VMWare reserved fc00 VMWare kcore crash pfd00 Linux RAIDfdisk的partition typesCommand (m for help): l 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT1e Hidden W95 FAT1--------------------------------------------------root@cu-pve06:~# dpkg -L gdiskgdisk fdisksgdisk sfdiskcgdisk cfdiskthe text-mode interactive gdisk and the command-line sgdiskroot@cu-pve06:~# dpkg -L util-linuxfdisksfdiskcfdisksgdisk -v /dev/sdcparted /dev/sdj mklabel gptparted -lroot@cu-pve05:/etc/ceph# sgdisk -v /dev/sdcNo problems found. 4688430701 free sectors (2.2 TiB) available in 1segments, the largest of which is 4688430701 (2.2 TiB) in size.root@cu-pve05:/etc/ceph# parted /dev/sdj mklabel gptroot@cu-pve05:/etc/ceph# parted -l
fdisk gdisk parted g create an IRIX (SGI) partition table a toggle a bootable flag c toggle the dos compatibility flag o create a new empty DOS partition table s create a new empty Sun disklabel [root@flt ~]# fdisk /dev/sda The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 60801. There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, and could in certain setups cause problems with: 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK) Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): x Expert command (m for help): m Command action b move beginning of data in a partition c change number of cylinders d print the raw data in the partition table e list extended partitions f fix partition order g create an IRIX (SGI) partition table h change number of heads m print this menu p print the partition table q quit without saving changes r return to main menu s change number of sectors/track v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit Expert command (m for help): r Command (m for help): [root@test1 ~]# parted /dev/sda GNU Parted 1.8.1 Using /dev/sda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) help check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition help [COMMAND] prints general help, or help on COMMAND mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on partititon NUMBER mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME print [free|NUMBER|all] display the partition table, a partition, or all devices quit exit program rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file system rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER select DEVICE choose the device to edit set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT version displays the current version of GNU Parted and copyright information (parted) [root@xenserver-gqhoikav ~]# gdisk /dev/sdaGPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.6.10Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: presentFound valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.Command (? for help): helpb back up GPT data to a filec change a partition's named delete a partitioni show detailed information on a partitionl list known partition typesn add a new partitiono create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT)p print the partition tableq quit without saving changesr recovery and transformation options (experts only)s sort partitionst change a partition's type codev verify diskw write table to disk and exitx extra functionality (experts only)? print this menuCommand (? for help): i Partition number (1-3): 1 下面的guid针对唯一的分区类型是一样的，而第二行是针对每一个唯一的分区而言的 Partition GUID code: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (Linux/Windows data) Partition unique GUID: CCF291F5-B031-4592-BB31-42433B899CAE First sector: 2048 (at 1024.0 KiB) Last sector: 8388641 (at 4.0 GiB) Partition size: 8386594 sectors (4.0 GiB) Attribute flags: 0000000000000004 Partition name: Command (? for help): i Partition number (1-3): 2 Partition GUID code: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (Linux/Windows data) Partition unique GUID: D7C3ED47-1C8D-4441-A63D-B4738FBF33EF First sector: 8390656 (at 4.0 GiB) Last sector: 16777249 (at 8.0 GiB) Partition size: 8386594 sectors (4.0 GiB) Attribute flags: 0000000000000000 Partition name: Command (? for help): i Partition number (1-3): 3 Partition GUID code: E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928 (Linux LVM) Partition unique GUID: BBD06257-0A0F-424A-A5E3-9E6C01E35A36 First sector: 16779264 (at 8.0 GiB) Last sector: 976773134 (at 465.8 GiB) Partition size: 959993871 sectors (457.8 GiB) Attribute flags: 0000000000000000 Partition name: Command (? for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): A9328BFA-2219-4AE0-93E6-A3FF865C62CB Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 6042 sectors (3.0 MiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 8388641 4.0 GiB 0700 2 8390656 16777249 4.0 GiB 0700 3 16779264 976773134 457.8 GiB 8E00 Command (? for help):
msdos分区表 三主一扩展
gpt分区表 GUID Partition Table 全局唯一标识磁盘分区表 是一个实体硬盘的分区表的结构布局的标准。它是可扩展固件接口（EFI）标准（被Intel用于替代个人计算机的BIOS）的一部分，被用于替代BIOS系统中的一32bits来存储逻辑块地址和大小信息的主开机纪录（MBR）分区表。
不管是什么操作系统，都是安装在硬盘上的，所在就有相应的格式，这就是根本所在
partition schema of ESXi,win,centos,xenserver,openfiler
windows7的分区类型
centos6.5的分区类型
xenserver6.2的分区类型
esxi5.1的分区类型
openfiler2.99的分区类型
sgi irix www.sgi.com
ibm aix
*物理存储介质（PhysicalStorageMedia）
指系统的物理存储设备：磁盘，如：/dev/hda、/dev/sda等，是存储系统最底层的存储单元。*物理卷（Physical Volume，PV）指磁盘分区或从逻辑上与磁盘分区具有同样功能的设备（如RAID），是LVM的基本存储逻辑块，但和基本的物理存储介质（如分区、磁盘等）比较，却包含有与LVM相关的管理参数。分区与物理卷是不一样的，把分区做成物理卷/dev/sda3与pv
我们的操作系统是靠磁盘分区信息表上的分区类型标志来识别每一个磁盘分区的类型，下面是常见的各种分区类型标志，其中红色和蓝色是最常用的Windows系列操作系统所使用的分区类型，分区类型标志位标志与分区实际格式不符也是常见磁盘的故障，在业务中会占到1-2%的比例。
| 磁盘分区类型标志 | |||
| 00 | 空,DOS或Windows不允许使用,视为非法 | 5C | Priam Edisk |
| 01 | FAT12 | 61 | Speed Stor |
| 02 | XENIX root | 63 | GNU HURD or Sys |
| 03 | XENIX usr | 64 | Novell Netware |
| 06 | FAT16 04 表示分区小于32M | 65 | Novell Netware |
| 07 | HPFS / NTFS | 70 | Disk Secure Mult |
| 08 | AIX | 75 | PC/IX |
| 09 | AIX bootable | 80 | Old Minix |
| 0A | OS/2 Boot Manage | 81 | Minix/Old Linux |
| 0B | Win95 FAT32 | 82 | Linux swap |
| 0C | Win95 FAT32 | 83 | Linux |
| 0E | Win95 FAT16 | 84 | 0s/2 hidden C: |
| 0F | Win95 Extended(大于 8GB) | 85 | Linux extended |
| 10 | OPUS | 86 | NTFS volume set |
| 11 | Hidden FAT12 | 87 | NTFS volume set |
| 12 | Compaq diagmost | 93 | Amoeba |
| 16 | HiddenFAT16 | 94 | Amoeba BBT |
| 14 | Hidden FAT16<32MB | A0 | IBM Thinkpad hidden |
| 17 | Hidden HPFS/NTFS | A5 | BSD/386 |
| 18 | AST Windows swap | A6 | Open BSD |
| 1B | Hidden FAT32 | A7 | NextSTEP |
| 1C | Hidden FAT32 partition (using LBA-mode INT 13 extensions) | B7 | BSDI fs |
| B8 | BSDI swap | ||
| 1E | Hidden LBA VFAT partition | BE | Solaris boot partition |
| 24 | NEC DOS | C0 | DR-DOS/Novell DOS secured partition |
| 3C | Partition Magic | C1 | DRDOS/sec |
| 40 | Venix 80286 | C4 | DRDOS/sec |
| 41 | PPC Perp Boot | C6 | DRDOS/sec |
| 42 | NTFS动态分区 | C7 | Syrinx |
| 4D | QNX4.x | DB | CP/M/CTOS |
| 4E | QNX4.x 2nd part | E1 | DOS access |
| 4F | QNX4.x 3rd part | E3 | DOS r/0 |
| 50 | OnTrack DM | E4 | Speedstor |
| 51 | OnTrack DM6 Aux | EB | BeoS fs |
| 52 | CP/M | F1 | SpeedStor |
| 53 | OnTrack DM6 Aux | F2 | DOS 3.3+secondary partition |
| 54 | OnTrack DM6 | F4 | SpeedStor |
| 55 | EZ-Drive | FE | LAN step |
| 56 | Golden Bow | FF | BBT |
Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT1e Hidden W95 FAT1
(parted) help mkpart mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition PART-TYPE is one of: primary, logical, extended FS-TYPE is one of: ext3, ext2, fat32, fat16, hfsx, hfs+, hfs, jfs, linux-swap, ntfs, reiserfs, hp-ufs, sun-ufs, xfs, apfs2, apfs1, asfs, amufs5, amufs4, amufs3, amufs2, amufs1, amufs0, amufs, affs7, affs6, affs5, affs4, affs3, affs2, affs1, affs0 START and END are disk locations, such as 4GB or 10%. Negative values count from the end of the disk. For example, -1s specifies exactly the last sector. 'mkpart' makes a partition without creating a new file system on the partition. FS-TYPE may be specified to set an appropriate partition ID.(parted) quit
esx5.1的分区 /vmfs/device目录很重要 ~ # esxcli storage core device listt10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 Display Name: Local ATA Disk (t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0) Has Settable Display Name: true Size: 476940 Device Type: Direct-Access Multipath Plugin: NMP Devfs Path: /vmfs/devices/disks/t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 Vendor: ATA Model: ST500DM002-1BD14 Revision: KC45 SCSI Level: 5 Is Pseudo: false Status: on Is RDM Capable: false Is Local: true Is Removable: false Is SSD: false Is Offline: false Is Perennially Reserved: false Queue Full Sample Size: 0 Queue Full Threshold: 0 Thin Provisioning Status: unknown Attached Filters: VAAI Status: unknown Other UIDs: vml.01000000002020202020202020202020205a33544659364830535435303044 Is Local SAS Device: false Is Boot USB Device: false ~ # esxcli storage core device partition list Device Partition Start Sector End Sector Type Size ------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ------------ ---------- ---- ------------ t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 0 0 976773168 0 500107862016 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 1 64 8192 0 4161536 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 2 1843200 10229760 6 4293918720 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 3 10229760 976773135 fb 494870208000 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 5 8224 520192 6 262127616 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 6 520224 1032192 6 262127616 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 7 1032224 1257472 fc 115326976 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 8 1257504 1843200 6 299876352 esx5.0版没有showguid ~ # esxcli storage core device partition showguid Device Partition Layout GUID ------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ------ -------------------------------- t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 0 GPT 00000000000000000000000000000000 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 1 GPT c12a7328f81f11d2ba4b00a0c93ec93b t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 2 GPT ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 3 GPT aa31e02a400f11db9590000c2911d1b8 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 5 GPT ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 6 GPT ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 7 GPT 9d27538040ad11dbbf97000c2911d1b8 t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 8 GPT ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7 esx5.0的硬件 ~ # esxcli storage core adapter list HBA Name Driver Link State UID Description -------- --------- ---------- ------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- vmhba0 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba0 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller vmhba32 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba32 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller vmhba33 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba33 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller vmhba34 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba34 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller vmhba35 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba35 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller vmhba36 ahci link-n/a sata.vmhba36 (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller vmhba37 iscsi_vmk online iscsi.vmhba37 iSCSI Software Adapter
lvm备份信息/etc/lvm目录 /dev/disk目录也很重要 [root@xenserver-flt backup]# lltotal 8-rw------- 1 root root 3904 May 21 16:46 VG_XenStorage-85ce0366-7bf3-c074-ca54-d3a9f908e3db-rw------- 1 root root 3558 Sep 18 16:02 VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f[root@xenserver-flt backup]# less VG_XenStorage-85ce0366-7bf3-c074-ca54-d3a9f908e3db[root@xenserver-flt ~]# xe vm-listuuid ( RO) : c34d6c6d-3f33-c073-25f5-1f4bbdf65ccf name-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5_template power-state ( RO): halteduuid ( RO) : 4c34d88d-d6fa-e706-cede-f60ec3f5da00 name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit) _Mail power-state ( RO): halteduuid ( RO) : 31f0faa0-29cd-4054-973d-81349762fda4 name-label ( RW): Control domain on host: xenserver-flt power-state ( RO): runninguuid ( RO) : a69506ea-e8fa-0a9b-a0de-409c6da7f370 name-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5_SVN power-state ( RO): halteduuid ( RO) : 1c16616b-099a-0400-b4d3-a36277b45fba name-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5(FILE) power-state ( RO): halteduuid ( RO) : 2edccca8-b608-f06a-b210-f6abcd9e75d2 name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit) _template power-state ( RO): halteduuid ( RO) : 6beb4fca-7b93-d9fb-bcd2-dad6354738e4 name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit)(OA) power-state ( RO): halted[root@xenserver-flt mapper]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f PV Size 465.76 GB / not usable 8.10 MB Allocatable yes PE Size (KByte) 4096 Total PE 119232 Free PE 67406 Allocated PE 51826 PV UUID jn47SO-hAXu-ASKy-BwBh-iJtq-GmCb-lDCsxj[root@xenserver-flt mapper]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 107 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 7 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 465.75 GB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 119232 Alloc PE / Size 51826 / 202.45 GB Free PE / Size 67406 / 263.30 GB VG UUID 3TNxBp-PtAk-Xxia-6aIq-BTzI-oT1Y-GFx2ex[root@xenserver-flt mapper]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/MGT VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID KaL8Bh-XpuX-G9Cq-SXUr-Pn7A-DDve-sepHWB LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 4.00 MB Current LE 1 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 1024 Block device 252:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-509e25fc-f708-4849-9ed6-393235f3b611 VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID Ze9gvg-Re7Z-v71E-RzJx-oU8U-aWuc-KkThsL LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 40.09 GB Current LE 10262 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-826741c7-5064-45c0-810d-ddbfc2a7f8ea VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID heNU6V-95tA-me2v-O73u-4bI8-1h1J-ydp3bO LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 50.11 GB Current LE 12827 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-4d6c90eb-13b5-4f12-9115-b0609b62074a VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID YKudqI-ldHa-bhK4-jRYn-UBIu-kGAu-WxtVyM LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 16.04 GB Current LE 4106 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-4674802b-6ef0-415f-b4d5-933b056deea1 VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID gXlbQ5-tr0G-s7ja-dk68-PcIY-nfrC-1EGC8Q LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 16.04 GB Current LE 4106 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-8be06a30-e705-44b4-8f6f-8f96d242090d VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID WPuQVw-aNNz-Oqiz-D92J-gU0S-dkL5-kM2zga LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 40.09 GB Current LE 10262 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-3bf8e4f3-6ca0-4b99-960c-9db6bc2d5a66 VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID 4F7Bya-D96U-nftP-13He-1tJR-dG6Q-mIMvg9 LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 40.09 GB Current LE 10262 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto[root@xenserver-flt mapper]#
win7安装界面如果出现不能安装到这个磁盘时，大多数情况下是本磁盘是一个gpt,需要转换成mbr，或者相反。在选择分区界面，按下SHIFT+F10调出cmd命令提示符diskparthelplist diskselect disk 0cleanconvert mbrconvert gptlist partition建立EFI分区及系统安装分区create partition efi size=100 建立efi分区create partition msr size=128 建立msr分区（如果引导mac系统的话）create partition primary size=50000list partitionformat fs=ntfs quick
diskgenuis转换mbr为gpt
GPT分区表建立完成后，接着新建分区，会有如下选择：1.如果你的电脑BIOS设置中有EFI这选项，就选择”ESP分区“；2.如果你的电脑BIOS设置中没有这选项，就选择”MSR分区“，接下来自己创建分区，如果装系统不行，就还原到原来的MBR分区表。GPT分区表可以创建多个主分区，但没有一个分区是表示活动的。
MSR分区
MSR分区（Microsoft Reserved Partition，缩写MSR）即Microsoft 保留 (MSR) 分区。是每个 在GUID 分区表 (GPT) 上的 Windows操作系统（windows7以上）都要求的分区。
MSR 分区的大小会因 GPT 磁盘的大小不同而发生变化。对于小于 16 GB 的磁盘，MSR 分区为 32 MB。对于大于 16 GB 的磁盘，MSR 分区为 128 MB。MSR 分区在“磁盘管理”中不可见，用户也无法在 MSR 分区上存储或删除数据。ESP分区
EFI系统分区，即 EFI system partition，简写为 ESP。ESP 是一个 FAT16 或 FAT32 格式的物理分区，但是其分区标识是 EF (十六进制) 而非常规的 0E 或 0C，因此，该分区在 Windows 操作系统下一般是不可见的。支持 EFI 模式的电脑需要从 ESP 启动系统，EFI 固件可从 ESP 加载 EFI 启动程序或者应用
EFI 规范规定 ESP 使用 FAT 格式。尽管这种老旧的格式有很多局限性，但也不算一无是处。尤其开发者来说，系统中有个 FAT32 分区是很好的，因为经常使用多个系统，包括 Windows、Linux、FreeBSD，而这些系统都能安全地访问 FAT 分区，因此，可以把各个系统的启动相关的文件包括启动管理程序等放到 ESP 里，而且，这也方便在一个系统中去修改另一个系统的启动文件，至少可以把 ESP 当作各个系统的公共交换空间。ESP是一个独立于操作系统之外的分区，操作系统被引导之后，就不再依赖它。这使得 ESP 非常适合用来存储那些系统级的维护性的工具和数据，比如：引导管理程序、驱动程序、系统维护工具、系统备份等，甚至可以在 ESP 里安装一个特殊的操作系统（SlaTaz Linux? PuppyLinux? Win PE?）。尽管 ESP 分区是一个 FAT 格式的分区，但它的分区标识却是一个特别的标识(EF)，EFI 规范的这一规定使得 ESP 在 Windows 下一般是不可见的，起码，对一般的 Windows 用户来说，这是一块“无法访问”的隐藏起来的区域。这意味什么？我们可以利用这个特点做什么？我们不妨先回顾下其它煞费苦心地划分特殊分区以达到特殊目的的一些技术或方案。许多品牌机会在硬盘里划分一个特殊的隐藏的分区，用以存放系统恢复镜像等文件，可利用该分区“一键”恢复系统。无忧论坛上提到了UD隐藏分区，在磁盘上划分一块未使用的空白区域，用于存储引导文件甚至PE系统。除了这些，应该还有一些类似的东西，它们的目标其实都是为了维护或恢复系统，一般来说，木马和病毒不会破坏这些分区里的文件，普通用户也不会触及它们，使得它们相对来说是安全的。但是，它们的用户其实只是普通的 Windows 使用者，其它操作系统的用户，以及稍懂点技术的 Windows 用户，非常不愿意见到那些“多余”的分区，相信许多人都会把那些分区删除了吧？不过，ESP 呢？与提及的那些技术相比，ESP 也可以看作是一个特殊的分区，它有何特别？首先，EFI 规范要求有 ESP，既然是强制的，那我们不妨拿它多做点事，而不是去删除它。其次，与上面提及的那些技术相比，ESP 也可以看做是一个安全的隐藏的分区，这使得我们完全可以使用 ESP 来替代那些技术，我们可以把引导管理程序、系统维护工具、系统恢复工具及镜像等放到 ESP，可以自己打造“一键恢复系统”，等等。而且，不仅可以自己进行 DIY，还要更方便、更通用。再者，ESP 是个标准的 FAT 分区，因此与上面提及的那些技术不同，ESP 在“隐藏”的同时并没有失去可访问性，不管你用什么操作系统，都是可以安全地访问它的（后面讲），所以，ESP 绝不会是“多余”的，相反，它很有用。
EFI抛弃了存贮在ROM上的方式，其文件系统存储在硬盘独立划定的区域内。
EFI的英文全称是Extensible Firmware Interface，中文名是可扩展固件接口，早在2006年的上半年，Intel曾经在IDF上进行过EFI的演示。要使用EFI系统，必须主板和操作系统都支持EFI功能，目前支持EFI功能的操作系统有Mac OS X、Vista和Server 2003。EFI是以小型磁盘分区的形式存放在硬盘上的。EFI的安装，必须在支持EFI功能的主板上，使用光驱引导系统，然后对磁盘进行EFI化的处理，这个处理的过程，主要就是划分EFI独用的磁盘空间。EFI的存储空间大约为50MB到100MB，具体视驱动文件多少而定。在这部分空间中，包含以下几个部分：1. Pre-EFI初始化模块2. EFI驱动执行环境3. EFI驱动程序4. 兼容性支持模块（CSM）5. EFI高层应用6. GUID 磁盘分区